7月22日，“第十六次中日海法研讨会”在大连海事大学湖畔书屋举行，来自中日两国的学者、律师、实务界人士以及在校博士生等共计40余人参加了此次研讨会。
本次会议围绕着“日本商法修改后有关陆海空运输合同的总则性规定”、“日本海事国际私法”、“日本海难救助相关法律与实务”三个议题展开讨论。
日本早稻田大学法学学术院长、法学部长、海法研究所所长箱井崇史教授就第一个议题发言。箱井教授介绍了于2018年完成修改、自2019年4月1日起施行的日本《商法》第二编“商行为”中和货物运输相关的定义、承运人的责任原则和损害赔偿范围、贵重物品的特别规定、损害赔偿请求权人、承运人及其受雇人的侵权责任、以及包括多式联运承运人的责任在内的其他总则性条款的规定。大连海事大学法学院副院长蒋跃川副教授主持了该议题的评议和答疑。韩立新教授就《商法》第581条第3款收货人支付运费的义务问题提问；初北平教授关注了《商法》第585条规定的时效期间的类型问题；朱作贤教授就“日本法下是否存在除斥期间对应形成权、诉讼时效期间对应请求权这样的分类？”以及“日本法下关于多式联运承运人的网状责任制是否可以指向外国法的适用？”提问。箱井崇史教授就与会人员提出的问题进行了详细的解答。
日本雨宫综合法律事务所律师、早稻田大学客座教授、大连海事大学法学院客座教授雨宫正启就第二个议题发言。雨宫教授介绍了日本法下关于确定提单条款效力、船舶优先权、船舶碰撞责任、船东责任限制等四个问题的准据法理论、学说与主要判例。韩立新教授主持了这一议题的评议和答疑，并介绍了中国的海事国际私法的相关理论，指出了在前述四个问题上中日国际私法理论和实践中存在的差异。朱作贤教授、蒋跃川副教授就中国海事司法实践中提单管辖权条款的效力问题、船旗变更后抵押权准据法的确认问题与雨宫教授进行了探讨。瀛泰律师事务所李刚律师就外国法的查明问题发表了自己的见解。
日本冈部・山口律师事务所本乡隆律师就第三个议题发言，他结合修订后的《商法》介绍了海难救助的定义，结合日本法下债权发生的原因分析了海难救助的法律性质，并介绍了不同方式下的海难救助的异同之处。本乡律师指出：海难救助行为因具有公益性，不能为民法这种调整私人之间关系的法律所容纳；其具有的私益性的特点，又使得救助人的报酬不应被理解为公益性资金，而应由被救助人承担。朱作贤教授主持了议题三的评议与答疑，并认为，随着科技的发达，海难救助的商业性（私益性）特征已经逐渐超越其公益性，表现为实践中选择固定费率救助合同的情况越来越多，选择LOF合同的比例不断减少。由此带来的问题是：固定费率的救助合同是不是海难救助合同？是否应当适用CMC第九章的规定？如果当事人之间签订了WRECKHIRE等类型的合同，他们之间的关系是否属于海难救助关系？辽宁斐然律师事务所主任张宏凯律师结合实践中出现的被拖物在拖带过程中与承拖方分离遗失的案例，探讨了“危险”这一要件的构成问题。本乡律师认为，不能独立克服海上风险，即应满足危险（海难）的要件，法律关系性质的确认与所签订的合同的名称并无实质关联。
“中日海法研讨会”由大连海事大学法学院与日本早稻田大学海法研究所于2008年发起成立，每年举办1-2次会议，分别在中日两国定期举行。大连海事大学法学院院长初北平教授在本次研讨会的欢迎仪式上致辞，早稻田大学法学院院长箱井崇史教授在会议最后进行了总结发言。日本鹿儿岛大学URA中心副教授张秀娟博士、巨群趋势法律事务所律师朴鑫、瀛泰律师事务所律师李刚为本次研讨会提供了高质量的翻译。日本冈部山口律师事务所合伙人、日本早稻田大学客座教授、大连海事大学客座教授左合辉行以及大连海事大学法学院的部分师生、也参加了本次研讨会。
DMU Law School holds 16th Sino-Japan Maritime Law Exchange
On July 22, the 16th Sino-Japan Maritime Law Exchange was held at the Lakeside Bookstore of Dalian Maritime University, with more than 40 scholars, lawyers, practitioners from China and Japan participating in the seminar.
The seminar focused on three topics, "General Provisions on Land, Sea and Air Transport Contracts after the Amendment of Japanese Commercial Law", "Private International Maritime Law of Japan" and "Relevant Law and Practice of Salvage in Japan".
Professor Takashi Hakoi, Dean of the Faculty of Law and the School of Law of the Waseda University (Japan), spoke on the first topic. Professor Hakoi introduced the definitions related to the carriage of goods, the principles of carrier's liability and the scope of damages, special provisions regarding expensive goods, the party entitled to claim for damages, the tort liability of the carrier and its employees, and other general provisions including the liability of the multimodal carriers in Part II of the Commercial Law of Japan, which were revised in 2018 and came into effect on April 1, 2019. Associate Professor Jiang Yuechuan, the deputy dean of the DMU Law School, presided over the discussion session. Professor Han Lixin questioned on the consignee's obligation to pay freight under Article 581, paragraph 3, of the Commercial Code; Professor Chu Beiping paid attention to the type of time bar stipulated in Article 585 of the Commercial Law (the one bars the claim itself or the one bars the remedy only with the claim still in existence). Prof. Zhu Zuoxian questioned on the scope of claims that each type of time bar shall apply under Japanese law. He also questioned on the issue whether the network liability rule under Japanese law governing the liability of the multimodal carriers will allow the foreign law be applicable law. Professor Hakoi gave detailed answers to the questions raised by the participants.
Mr. Masahiro Amemiya, from Amemiya Law Office of Japan, who is also the visiting professor of Waseda University and Law School of Dalian Maritime University, made a speech on the second topic. Professor Amemiya introduced the applicable law theory, doctrines and main precedents covering four issues under Japanese law, namely, the bill of lading clauses, maritime liens, collision liability and limitation of shipowner's liability. Professor Han Lixin presided over the discussion session on this topic, and introduced the relevant theories of China's private international maritime law, pointing out the differences between China and Japan in the theory and practice of private international law on the four issues mentioned above. Professor Zhu Zuoxian and associate professor Jiang Yuechuan invited a discussion on the validity of jurisdiction clause in bill of lading and the confirmation of applicable law of mortgage after the change of flag in China's maritime judicial practice. Mr. Li Gang from WINTELL & CO. expressed his opinions on the identification of foreign law.
Mr. Takashi Hongo from OKABE & YAMAGUCHI, made a speech on the third topic. He introduced the definition of salvage at sea in light of the revised Commercial Law of Japan, analyzed the legal nature of salvage in light of the causes of obligatory rights under Japanese law, and introduced the similarities and differences of salvages on contractual basis and non-contractual basis respectively. Mr. Hongo pointed out that the act of salvage at sea can not be accommodated by the civil law which regulates the relationship between
